Human ancestry and migration, told through ancient DNA

Explore the migrations, population changes and ancient DNA evidence that shaped human ancestry, explained through peer-reviewed research and archaeological context.

Methods

What is Global25 and how does it work?

How 25 coordinates are used to calculate genetic distances, build ancestry models and compare modern and ancient reference populations.

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Ice Age Europe

The genetic history of Palaeolithic Europe

How Fournol, Villabruna, Oberkassel and Sidelkino ancestry formed through Ice Age survival, migration and population replacement.

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Neolithic Europe

The spread of Anatolian farmer ancestry across Neolithic Europe

How farmers from Anatolia followed two routes across Europe and formed LBK, Funnel Beaker, Globular Amphora and Trypillia populations.

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Eneolithic and Bronze Age

The populations behind the Indo-European expansion

How Caucasus, Lower Volga and Dnipro populations formed Yamnaya ancestry and carried related languages into Anatolia, Europe and Asia.

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